C. BRUCE JOHNSON, Ph.D.

  Areas of Expertise:

• Development of specialty photoelectronic imagers and sensors
• Night-vision, low-light-level and photon-counting imaging and sensor technologies, management and manufacturing

Company and Contact Information:

C. Bruce Johnson, President

Johnson Scientific Group, Inc.

PO Box 51551

Phoenix AZ 85076-1551

• telephone:  480-759-2826

• fax:  480-759-2826

• cell phone:   480-205-9861

• email:  cbj@phototube.com

• web page: www.JohnsonScientificGroup.com

Education:

• Iowa State University, B.S. (physics)

• University of Minnesota, M.S. (electrical engineering)

• University of Minnesota, Ph.D.

Certification:

• Certified Manufacturing Engineer in the field of Electrical Engineering by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Honors & Awards:

• Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

• Certificates of Recognition from NASA:

  • "A Magnetically Focused Image Tube Employing an Opaque Photocathode," 1974

  • "X-Ray Sensitive Oblique Imaging Device," 1976

  • "Image Tube," 1980

• State of Indiana, Governor's Certificate of Appreciation Award, Indiana Corporation for Science and Technology, 1987

• Laser Focus World, Commercial Technology Achievement Award, 1994

• Litton Industries Advanced Technology Achievement Award, 1994

Description of Technical Expertise:

Dr Johnson has received numerous awards from NASA and other government agencies and major corporations, and he has been elected a Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. 

Managed department of twenty people in electro-optics division of major corporation.  Handled all personnel problems, team building and technical skills management.  Led teams on bidding projects, developing programs and markets, meeting manufacturing production goals, managing “design‑of‑experiments” manufacturing process improvement programs, and meeting all technical requirements.

Provided technical coordination with marketing department to decide on new photoelectronic imaging product developments.  Led brainstorming sessions and generation of new product ideas, and made presentations to corporate group senior management and government agencies.  Carried out development efforts, and continued to report on progress to and senior management and funding agencies.   Established a new department to develop advanced photonics technology products in the military night vision and OEM scientific and industrial areas.  Organized engineering teams, scientists and production employees into a cohesive unit that reached over $4‑million in annual sales within three years.  Established technical standards, trained staff and assured quality product results.  Worked with sales and marketing departments to assure timely product sales and continued customer service on all marketed products.  Continued to develop new product lines and extensions of existing products for military and OEM use.  Created inter‑company means of communicating success of division and cross transfer of internal best practices.  Authored and co‑authored technical papers on successful programs and products that has placed his organization at the forefront of night‑vision and photonic technologies.

Prior Work Experience:

In 1991 Dr. Johnson founded his own company, Johnson Scientific Group, Inc, which is engaged in international photonic consulting work.  He was with the Litton Electron Devices Division in Tempe, AZ, from AUG91 to FEB96 as Technical Director, New Product Development.  He wrote the proposal that led to the Generation IV night vision goggles tube development.  Prior to that time he was with ITT Electro‑Optical Products Division in Ft Wayne, IN, for over 16 years.  For seven years he was the Manager of the Photoelectronics and Instrumentation Department, and the Laboratory Technical Director.  As Technical Director of the Tube and Sensor Laboratories, Dr. Johnson was responsible for assisting the Director of the Tube and Sensor Laboratories in technical planning and operation.  In addition, Dr. Johnson administered, planned, and monitored the IR&D activities of the Laboratories.  In 1989 he was appointed to the position of Technical Consultant for the Laboratories, reporting to the Laboratory Director.  Dr. Johnson's particular area of expertise is in photonic device research and development, eg military night-vision equipment, image intensifiers, missile approach warning systems. camera tubes, electron multipliers, microchannel plates, ir-sensors, streak-tubes, and image intensified CCDs.  In addition, Dr. Johnson has studied proximity, electrostatic, and electromagnetic electron optics, space-charge effects in vacuum and plasmas, charged particle transport in gases, and electron mirror microscopy.  Earlier experience in the vacuum photonics field was obtained at the Bendix Research Laboratories, in Southfield, MI, and at the RCA Electronic Components Division, in Lancaster, PA.

Representative List of Clients:

  [Supplied upon request.]

Publication List:

• C. B. Johnson and R. C. Wood,  "Long Path Infrared Hygrometer - An   Approach to Space-Integrated Measurements of Atmospheric Water Vapor,"   Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 41, 7 (1960)

• C. B. Johnson, C. N. Dunn, and H. J. Oskam,  "Theory of the Non-Fully   Developed Anode Fall,"  Bulletin of the American Physical Society   9, 343 (1964)

• C. B. Johnson and H. J. Oskam,  "Space Charge Limited Current in High   Pressure Gas Diodes,"  Bulletin of the American Physical Society   12, 985 (1967)

• C. B. Johnson and O. H. Schade, Sr,  "The RCA Developmental High Resolution 4.5-inch Image Intensifier/Return-_Beam Vidicon and Camera System,"  Proceedings 1969 National Aerospace Electronics Conference,   Dayton, Ohio (May, 1969)

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Method for Characterizing Modulation Transfer Functions   of Electro-Optical Devices," Photographic Science and Engineering   14, 412 (1970).  Chosen for inclusion in "Selected Readings in Image   Evaluation," Compiled & Edited by Rodney Shaw, Soc Photographic   Scientists & Engineers (1976)

• C. B. Johnson, "Photoelectronics at the Bendix Corporation," Society of   Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Regional Meeting,  White Sands   Missile Range, Las Cruces, New Mexico, (March, 1971)

• C. B. Johnson and H. J. Oskam, "Space-Charge-Limited Current in Gas   Diodes," J Appl Phys 42 (13) 5352-5357 (1971)

• C. B. Johnson, C. E. Catchpole, and C. C. Matle,  "Microchannel Plate   Inverter Image Intensifiers," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,   ED-18, 1113-1116 (1971)

• C. B. Johnson,  "The Influence of High Magnetic Flux Densities on Electro   magnetic Focusing of Electrons," IEEE Transactionson Electron Devices   ED-18, 1187 (1971)

• C. B. Johnson and C. E. Catchpole,  "The Multianode Photomultiplier,"   Publication of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 84, 134-136   (1972)

• C. B. Johnson,  "Classification of Electron-Optical Device Modulation   Transfer Functions," Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics   33B, 579, Academic Press, New York (1972)

• C. B. Johnson,  "UV Sensitive Electro-Optical Imaging Devices,"   Proceedings of the Electro-Optical Systems Design Conference, New York,   (Sep 14, 1972)

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Magnetically Focused Image Intensifier with Evaporated   Field Electrodes,"  Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics  33A,   93, Academic Press, New York (1972)

• C. B. Johnson,  "Circular Aperture Diffraction Limited MTF:  Approximate   Expressions," Appl Opt 11, 1875 (1972)

• C. B. Johnson, "MTFs:  A Simplified Approach," Electro-Optics Systems   Design 4, 22 (1972)

• C. B. Johnson, C. E. Catchpole, and C. C. Matle,  "Comments on 'Microchannel Plate Inverter Image Intensifiers," IEEE Transactions on   Electron Devices  ED-19, 840 (1972)

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Convenient Form of Graph Paper for Determination of   Electro-Optical Device Modulation Transfer Function Parameters,"   IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices  ED-20, 80 (1973)

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Limited Electron Flow,"  IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices  ED-20, 460 (1973)

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Criterion for the Information Content in Optical   Scenes," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices  ED-20, 512 (1973)

• C. B. Johnson, "Point-Spread Functions, Line-Spread Functions and Edge Response Functions Associated with Modulation Transfer Functions of the Form exp -(w/w_c)ⁿ," Applied Optics  12, 1031 (1973)

• C. B. Johnson and K. L. Hallam,  "The Oblique Image Converter," Advances  in Electronics and Electron Physics  40A, 69-82, Academic Press, New York  (1976)

• C. B. Johnson and K. L. Hallam,  "Image Transfer and Conversion Criteria  for Photoelectronic Imaging Devices," Advances in Electronics and  Electron Physics  40B, 601-611, Academic Press, New York (1976)

• J. P. Carrico, C. B. Johnson and K. L. Hallam, "Oblique Ion Lens for Use  with Imaging Mass Spectrometer Systems," Journal of Physics E:  Scientific Instruments 9, 926 (1976)

• C. B. Johnson,  "Image Transfer Properties of Photoelectronic Imaging  Devices," Proceedings:  International Conference on Image Analysis and  Evaluation, published by Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers,  103-113 (1977)

• C. B. Johnson, J. M. Abraham, E. H. Eberhardt, and L. W. Coleman.  "A  Magnetically Focused Photoelectronic Streak Camera Tube," Proceedings:  12th International Congress on High Speed Photography, SPIE 97, 56-61  (1977)

• Camera Tube," 7th Symposium on Photo-Electronic Image Devices,  Imperial College, London, 407-412 (Sep 4-8, 1978)

• J. J. Cuny, C. B. Johnson, and T. F. Lynch, "Proximity Focused Image Tube  Intensified CID Camera for Low Light Level TV,"  SPIE 203, 75-79 (1979)

• C. B. Johnson, T. F. Lynch, and J. J. Cuny,  "Microchannel Plate Wafer  Image Tube Intensified Charge-Injection Device Camera," Proceedings:  5th International Conference on Charge-Coupled Devices, University of  Edinburgh, 51-56 (1979)

• J. J. Cuny, T. F. Lynch, and C. B. Johnson,  "Small Intensified Charge Injection Device Cameras for Low Light Level Television," Proceedings:  Military Electronics Defense Expo, Weisbaden, Germany (Sep 27, 1979)

• C. B. Johnson, S. Nevin, J. Bebris, and J. B. Abshire,  "Circular-Scan  Streak Tube with Solid State Readout," Appl Opt  19, 3491-3495 (1980)

• C. B. Johnson, "Photoelectronic Sensor Development Projections:  1980-2000," Proc SPIE  258, 53-63 (1980)

• R. E. Blank and C. B. Johnson,  "Image-Intensified Linear Self-Scanned  Array Detector System," Proc SPIE  252, 18-24 (1980)

• C. B. Johnson and R. E. Blank,  "Digital and Low-Light-Level SSA  Instrument and TV Camera Subsystems Review," Proceedings of the Military  Electronics Defense Expo-80, Wiesbaden, West Germany (Oct 7-9, 1980),  published by Interavia SA, 598-609

• C. B. Johnson,  "A Review and Preview of Electronic Cameras and Systems,"  presented at International Conference on Electronic Imaging, Washington,  DC, Proc SPIE  258, 53-63 (1980)

• R. E. Blank and C. B. Johnson,  "Performance and Applications of an  Intensified Linear Self-Scanned Array Instrument," Proc SPIE  268, 92-86  (1981)

• C. B. Johnson and R. E. Blank,  "Digital Self-Scanned Array TV Cameras  and Instruments,"  presented at 157th Meeting of the American  Astronomical Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Jan 11-14, 1981)

• R. E. Blank and C. B. Johnson, "Intensified Linear Self-Scanned Array  Instruments for Spectroscopy and Astronomy," Abstracts, Pittsburgh  Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic  City, New Jersey (Mar 9-13, 1981)

• C. B. Johnson and R. E. Blank,  "An Image Intensified Linear Self  Scanned Array Instrument," SPIE 288, 447-453 (1981)

• C. B. Johnson and R. E. Blank,  "Image Tube Intensified Linear and  Area Self-Scanned Array Detector Astronomy," SPIE 290, 102-108 (1981)

• C. B. Johnson,  "Intensified Self-Scanned Array Technology Review,"  IEEE Trans Nucl Sci NS-29, 1, 200-206 (1982)

• R. E. Blank and C. B. Johnson, "Image Intensified Linear and Area Arrays as  Detectors for Spectroscopy, American Chemical Society Conference, Kansas  City, Missouri (Sep 1982)

• C. B. Johnson and R. E. Blank,  "Computer Interfaced Image Tube  Intensified Self-Scanned Array Cameras and Instruments," SPIE 435,  243-253 (1983)

• C. B. Johnson and T. W. Frisch, ADay-Night Telescopic Sight Development,@ 1987 Annual Meeting, Small Arms Systems Division, American Defense Preparedness Association, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, US Army Test and Evaluation Command, 29SEP-1OCT87

• C. B. Johnson and R. W. Hunter, "Performance Characteristics of SCL-Hybrid  Photomultiplier Tubes," Proceedings 1987 IEEE Military Communications  Conference, Classified Conference Record (unclassified), 208-212,  Washington, DC (Oct 19-22, 1987)

• C. B. Johnson, L. G. Bonney, and R. F. Floryan, "Some Ultraviolet Spectral  Sensitivity Characteristics of Broadband Multialkali Photocathodes," SPIE  932, 285-290 (1988)

• C. B. Johnson, "Status of High-Speed Optical Detector Technologies at ITT/  EOPD," SPIE 1072, 2-12 (1989).  Chosen for inclusion in "Image Tubes,"  edited by Illes P. Csorba, published by SPIE

• R. F. Floryan and C. B. Johnson, "Resistive Anode Photomultiplier Tube  Optimum Operating Conditions for Photon Correlation Experiments,"  Proc  Optical Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Photon Correllation Techniques and  Applications, 31May-2Jun88, Washington, DC

• R. F. Floryan and C. B. Johnson, "Resistive Anode Photomultiplier Tube  Optimum Operating Conditions for Photon Correlation Experiments," Rev  Sci Instrum 60 (3) 339-343 (1989)

• R. F. Floryan and C. B. Johnson, "Resistive Anode Position Sensing  Photomultiplier Tube Operational Modeling," SPIE 1072, 30-39 (1989)

• C. B. Johnson and R. J. Hertel, "Images From and Ultraviolet Solar-Blind  Photon-Counting Camera,"  SPIE 1158, 336-345 (1989)

• C. B. Johnson, "A Concise Review of Recent Low-Light-Level TV Imaging  Developments,"  Proceedings Electronic Imaging '89 Conference, Boston, MA,  2-5OCT89

• C. B. Johnson, "A Review of Ultraviolet Detector Technology," SPIE 1243,  2-15 (1990).  Chosen for inclusion in SPIE's Advent Technology Series,  Vol 1 (1990)

• C. B. Johnson, et al, "A Space Qualified Streak Camera for the Geodynamics  Laser Ranging System (GLRS)," SPIE 1346, in press (1990)

• C. B. Johnson, "A Review of ITT/EOPD's Special Purpose Photosensitive Devices & Technologies," SPIE 1396, 360-376 (1990)

• C. B. Johnson, S. B. Patton and E. J. Bender, "High Resolution Microchannel Plate Image Tube  Development," SPIE 1449, 2-13 (1991)

• G. A. Johansen and C. B. Johnson, "Operational Characteristics of an Electron-Bombarded Silicon-Diode Photomultiplier Tube," Nucl Instrum Methods in Physics Research A

• P. Cushman, M. Iosue, B. Johnson M. Madden, R. Rusack and M. Szawlowski, "A Novel Photomultiplier Tube for Calorimetry at the SSC."

• C. B. Johnson, "Photoelectronic Detector Technology Review and Update," SPIE 1655, 1-12 (1992)

• C. B. Johnson, S. B. Patton and E. J. Bender, "High-Resolution Microchannel Plate Image Tube Results," Journal of Electronic Imaging 1(3), 252-255 (1992)

• C. B. Johnson and M. Iosue, "New Photoelectronic Detector Developments for High Energy Physics," Radiat Phys Chem 41(1/2), 423-426 (1993)

• C. B. Johnson, "Review of Photoelectronic Detectors for Atmospheric Studies," Proc 19th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 10-12AUG92

• C. B. Johnson, N. D. Wodecki, A. J. Lieber, P. K. Trost and D. W. Doll, "Performance Characteristics of a 12 mm Active Diameter Image Tube," SPIE 1952, 267-275 (1993)

• C. B. Johnson, M. J. Iosue and K. D. Wheeler, "Microchannel Plate Photomultiplier Tube Update," SPIE 1952, 340-344 (1993)

• C. B. Johnson and M. J. Iosue, "Electron Bombarded Silicon Avalanche Diode PMT Development," SPIE 1952, 345-349 (1993)

• K. D, Wheeler and C. B. Johnson, "Summary of Recent e-Beam Avalanche Diode and Microchannel Plate Multianode Photomultiplier Tube Developments," SCIFI 93, Workshop on Scintillating Fiber Detectors, Notre Dame University, 24-28OCT93, proceedings published by World Scientific, Inc, New Jersey, USA

• M. Madden, J. Iwanczyck, C. B. Johnson and M. Iosue, "Commercial Technology Achievement Award:  Vacuum Avalanche Photodiode," Laser Focus World, 98-99 (JAN94)

• C. B. Johnson, K. D. Wheeler and M. J. Iosue, "UV-Sensitive Microchannel Plate Photomultiplier Tube Utilizing Multilayer Ceramic Body Technology," SPIE 2282, 90-97 (1994)

• D. W. Doll, A. J. Lieber, S. Lupan, P. Trost, J. F. Kordas, A. Ledebuhr, G. Cameron, C. B. Johnson and N. Wodecki, "Miniature Imaging Lider System," Proc Int Conf Lasers '94, Quebec, Quebec (12-16DEC94)

•  Imaging," OSA, Handbook of Optics, 2nd ed, Vol-1, Michael Bass editor, McGraw-Hill, Inc,1995

• G. W. Williams, A. Reinheimer, C. B. Johnson, K. D. Wheeler and N. D. Wodecki, V. W. Aebi and K. A. Costello, "Back-illuminated and electron-bombarded CCD low light level imaging system performance," SPIE 2551,  208-223 (1995)

• C B Johnson, AA Common Basis for Uncooled Integrated Imaging Sensors and an Uncommon LLL CCD Camera,@ Proceedings, Uncooled Integrated Imaging Sensors Workshop, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Electronics Technology Office, Arlington VA, 14-15MAY96

• Binns R. R., Hink P., Darlington H., Howorth J. R. and Johnson C. B., "Image Intensifier for a Scintillating Optical Fiber Trajectory Detector," SPIE 3173, 469-473 (1997)

• C B Johnson, “Photoelectronics: Where have we been and where are we going?,” SPIE 4128, 134-142 (2000)

United States Patents

• Image Tube, with G. M. Low and K. L. Hallam (3,806,756)

• Device for Converting an Acoustic Pattern into a Visual Image,  with S. Barkhoudarian and G. G. Goetz (3,879,700)

• Coplanar Dynode Electron Multiplier (4,086,487)

• Scan-Converter Tube System (4,104, 568)

• Corona-Shield for an Image-Tube Photocathode (4,115,722)

• An Oblique Streak-Tube (4,163,174)

• Image Converter Having Serial Arrangement of Microchannel Plate, Input Electrode, Phosphor, and Photocathode (4,339,659)

• Magnetically Focused Streak-Tube, with J. M. Abraham (4,350,919)

• Secondary Cathode Microchannel Plate Tube (4,691,099)

• Day/Night Weapons Sight, with F. Augustine (4,822,994)

• Day/Night Weapons Sight, with R.E. Blank (4,961,278)

• Getter Improvement for Photoelectronic Vacuum Tubes (pending)

• Multi-Layer Ceramic, High output MCP Photomultiplier Tube, with M. J. Iosue and K. D. Wheeler (Serial #100,055, filed 7/30/93)

• Photomultiplier Having Cascaded Microchannel Plates, and Method for Fabrication, with M. J. Iosue and K. D. Wheeler (5,493,111)

• [Classified Patent], with K D Wheeler (Serial #245,029, filed 5/17/94)

• Shock Resistant Cascaded MCP Assemblies, with N. D. Wodecki (5,510,673)

• Low Feedback Bulk-Conductive Microchannel Plate, with R Pierle and P P Lin, filed.